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Các cấu trúc tiếng Anh thông dụng và cách chuyển đổi

1. Diễn đạt thời gian hoàn thành công việc​

Cấu trúc 1:
It takes sb + time + to do sth
→ Sb spends + time + doing sth

Ví dụ:

  • It took her 3 hours to do her homework.
    → She spent 3 hours doing her homework.

2. Cách diễn đạt "hiểu"​

Understand → to be aware of

Ví dụ:

  • Do you understand the lesson?
    → Are you aware of the lesson?

3. Diễn đạt sở thích​

To be interested in = fond of = keen on = like

Ví dụ:

  • She likes English.
    → She is interested in English.

4. Diễn đạt thành công​

Succeed in doing sth → manage to do sth

Ví dụ:

  • We succeeded in inventing television.
    → We managed to invent television.

5. Diễn đạt mong muốn​

Cấu trúc 1:
Prefer sb to do sth → Would rather sb + did sth

Ví dụ:

  • I prefer you not to smoke here.
    → I'd rather you not smoked here.

Cấu trúc 2:
Prefer doing sth to doing sth
→ would rather do sth than do sth
→ like doing sth better than doing sth

Ví dụ:

  • She prefers staying at home to going out.
    → She would rather stay at home than go out.

6. Diễn đạt "ngay khi"​

As soon as + S + V2, S + V2
→ Hardly had + S + V3 + when + S + V2
→ No sooner had + S + V3 + than + S + V2

Ví dụ:

  • As soon as I left the house, he appeared.
    → Hardly had I left the house when he appeared.
    → No sooner had I left the house than he appeared.

7. Diễn đạt "không còn nữa"​

Not...any more
→ No longer + auxiliary + S + V
→ No more...

Ví dụ:

  • I don't live in the countryside.
    → No longer do I live in the countryside.
    → I no more live in the countryside.

8. Diễn đạt "không đáng làm"​

To be not worth doing sth
→ There is no point in doing sth

Ví dụ:

  • It is not worth making him get up early.
    → There is no point in making him get up early.

9. Diễn đạt "có vẻ như"​

It seems that + S + V
→ It is likely that + S + V
→ It looks as if/though...

Ví dụ:

  • It seems that he is tired.
    → It is likely that he is tired.
    → It looks as if he is tired.

10. Diễn đạt "có vẻ như" (tiếp)​

It seems that + S + V
→ It is likely that + S + V
→ S + be likely to + V
→ It looks as if/though + S + V

Ví dụ:

  • It seems that he will come late.
    → It is likely that he will come late.
    → He is likely to come late.
    → It looks as if he will come late.

11. Diễn đạt thói quen​

S + often + V
→ S + be accustomed to + V-ing
→ S + be/get used to + V-ing

Ví dụ:

  • Lan often cries when she meets with difficulties.
    → Lan is used to crying when she meets with difficulties.

12. Diễn đạt lần đầu trải nghiệm​

This is the first time + S + have/has + V3/ed
→ S + be + not used to + V-ing

Ví dụ:

  • This is the first time I have seen so many people crying at the end of the movie.
    → I was not used to seeing so many people crying at the end of the movie.

13. Rút gọn mệnh đề chỉ mục đích​

S + V + because + S + V (want/hope/need...)
→ S + V + to + V

Ví dụ:

  • She studies hard because she wants to pass the final examination.
    → She studies hard to pass the final examination.

14. Diễn đạt song song​

S + V + not only... but also...
→ S + V + both... and...

Ví dụ:

  • He translated fast and correctly.
    → He translated not only fast but also correctly.

15. Cấu trúc nhờ vả (cách dùng khác)​

S + ask/want + O + to V
→ S + get + O + to V
→ S + have + O + V (bare infinitive)

Ví dụ:

  • She asks him to spend more time with her.
    → She has him spend more time with her.

16. Cấu trúc phủ định + danh từ​

S + V + no + N
→ S + be + N-less

Ví dụ:

  • She always speaks with no care.
    → She is always careless about her words.

17. Chuyển tính từ → trạng từ​

S + be + adj + prep
→ S + V + adv

Ví dụ:

  • My students are very good at maths.
    → My students study maths well.

18. Cấu trúc cảm thán​

It + be + adj + N
→ What + a/an + adj + N!

Ví dụ:

  • It was an interesting film.
    → What an interesting film!

Lưu ý quan trọng:

  • Khi dùng "be used to" (đã quen) khác với "used to" (đã từng làm gì trong quá khứ)

  • "Have sb do sth" (nhờ ai làm) khác với "Have sth done" (nhờ cái gì được làm)

  • "What + a/an + adj + N!" dùng cho danh từ đếm được số ít

19. Chuyển đổi câu với "How + adj"​

S + V + adv → How + adj + S + be!

Ví dụ:

  • She washes clothes quickly.
    → How quick she is to wash clothes!

20. Cấu trúc lời khuyên​

"If I were you, I would + V" → S + advise + sb + to V

Ví dụ:

  • "If I were you, I wouldn't do that," he said.
    → He advised me not to do that.

Bài tập viết lại câu (có lời giải chi tiết)​

Phần 1: Câu hỏi​

  1. The last time I went to Ho Chi Minh City was ten years ago.
    → It ______.

  2. Although he was very tired, he tried to help me with my homework.
    → Tired as ______.

  3. The car is too expensive. I can't afford it.
    → It was ______.

  4. It's the first time I've been to New York.
    → I haven't ______.

  5. "You damaged my camera", said Hung to his sister.
    → Hung accused ______.

  6. We didn't have any holidays until this summer.
    → It was not ______.

  7. If you hadn't studied hard, you would have failed the exam.
    → Had ______.

  8. Lan is pretty but Mai is prettier.
    → Mai is the ______.

  9. This is the best film I've ever seen.
    → I've ______.

  10. My school has over 800 students.
    → There are ______.

  11. People say that that plane crashed into the mountains.
    → That plane ______.

  12. She tries to learn English well so as to communicate with foreigners.
    → She tries to learn English well with ______.

Phần 2: Đáp án và giải thích​

  1. It has been ten years since I last went to Ho Chi Minh City.
    Giải thích: Cấu trúc "It has been + time + since + S + last + V2"

  2. Tired as he was, he tried to help me with my homework.
    Giải thích: Đảo ngữ với "Adj + as + S + to be"

  3. It was such an expensive car that I couldn't afford it.
    Giải thích: Cấu trúc "such...that" hoặc "too...to"

  4. I haven't been to New York before.
    Giải thích: Chuyển đổi thì hiện tại hoàn thành

  5. Hung accused his sister of damaging his camera.
    Giải thích: Cấu trúc "accuse sb of doing sth"

  6. It was not until this summer that we had any holidays.
    Giải thích: Cấu trúc "It was not until...that"

  7. Had you not studied hard, you would have failed the exam.
    Giải thích: Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3

  8. Mai is the prettier of the two girls.
    Giải thích: So sánh hơn với 2 đối tượng

  9. I've never seen a better film than this.
    Giải thích: Chuyển đổi so sánh nhất → so sánh hơn

  10. There are over 800 students in my school.
    Giải thích: Chuyển đổi cấu trúc "there be"

  11. That plane is said to have crashed into the mountains.
    Giải thích: Câu bị động với động từ tường thuật

  12. She tries to learn English well with a view to communicating with foreigners.
    Giải thích: Cấu trúc "with a view to V-ing"

Mẹo làm bài:

  1. Xác định thì của câu gốc
  2. Nhận diện cấu trúc cần chuyển đổi
  3. Kiểm tra sự hòa hợp chủ ngữ - động từ
  4. Lưu ý các cụm từ cố định (collocations)